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Putting water consumers first – how can we challenge monopoly companies to improve? 

In a competitive market, companies have clear incentives to meet the needs of consumers on price and their levels and quality of service, so that they do not take their business elsewhere. At present, water and sewerage services in England and Wales are not subject to this kind of competition. Most consumers are served by one of 21 monopoly companies. Only large business consumers can switch supplier if they can get a better deal elsewhere.

We do not think that the absence of competition should prevent consumers from getting a good service. Since 1999 we have used the overall performance assessment (OPA) to encourage the companies to strive to improve and outperform their peers.

Recently, it has become clear that while the OPA has achieved a great deal, it has reached its limits. So, working with other stakeholders, we have developed a new approach – the service incentive mechanism (SIM). This provides an overall framework that allows the companies to develop their own solutions to meeting consumers’ expectations.

Our 'Putting water consumers first – how can we challenge monopoly companies to improve?' focus report explains the SIM and the benefits it will bring to consumers.

Download 'Putting water consumers first – how can we challenge monopoly companies to improve?'

Further information


Ofwat publications



Relevant research



The Cave and Walker reviews


  • ‘Consultation on the Cave review of competition and innovation in water markets’, Defra, September 2009
  • ‘The independent review of charging for household water and sewerage services: Final report’, Defra, December 2009

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